Background: Phototherapy is an important modality in dermatology and the number of skin diseases which can be controlled with it IS mcreasmg. In order to start treatment, the first dose of phototherapy is determined by measurement of minimal erythema dose (MED) in each patient individually or according to patient"s skin type. Objective: To determine the relationship of skin type with MED in patients under UV phototherapy referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran Patients and Methods: In patients referred to Razi Hospital in 1381(2002-2003) for UVB phototherapy, skin type was determined according to Fitzpatrick"s classification and MED was measured using a UV-meter. Age, sex and the disease of the patients were also recorded. The data were analysed using one way ANOVA and Welch tests. Results: Eighty patients including 39 males and 41 females were studied. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (SD=15.8). Their diseases include psonasls, vitiligo, parapsoriasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, perforating disorder and patch stage mycosis fungoides. The mean of MED in 17patients with skin type Il was 111.8±39.2, in 42 patients with skin type III was 105.9±43.1 and in 21 patients with skin type IV was l14.3±39.2 mJ/cm2 , with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: The first dose of phototherapy could not be determined based on skin type and measurement of MED is necessary in each patient.

We define minimal CN-dominating graph MCN (G), commonality minimal CN-dominating graph CMCN (G) and vertex minimal CN-dominating graph M vCN (G), characterizations are given for graph G for which the newly defined graphs are connected. Further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.

‎‎We introduce the notion of a minimal generator $G$ for the coded system $X$; that is a generator for coded system $X$ whenever $u \in G$‎, ‎then $u \not \in W(\overline{})$‎. ‎Such an $X$ is called \emph{minimally‎ ‎generated system}‎. ‎We ‎aim ‎to‎ introduce a class of minimally‎ ‎generated subshifts generated by some certain synchronizing blocks‎. ‎These systems are precisely the tool that will enable us to show that for such subshifts $X$‎, ‎each $x \in X$‎‎ can be written uniquely as‎ $x=\ldots v_{-1}v_{0}v_1v_2\ldots$, where $\{\ldots‎ ,‎v_{-1},v_{0},v_1,v_2,\ldots\}\in G$.‎‎‎‎‎‎ ‎Shows that the converse of that proposition isn't necessarily true‎.‎ {\color{red}‎ ‎‎‎‎‎‎We will show which of the components of the Kreiger graph of such a subshift could be a candidate to be suitable for a Fischer cover‎.‎‎‎‎‎ }

In this paper introduced the notion of a strong synchronized system,that is a synchronized system whose there is unique , nite path in Fischer cover labeled synchronizing block. We aim to introduce a class of synchronized systems containing so, cs. Every irreducible so, c shift is an strong synchronized.

The electrical behavior of neurons can be more complex in the presence of autapse. In the presence of an autaptic connection, the Izhikevich neuron model can show a variety of dynamic behaviors, such as chaotic behavior. This paper presents a novel, high speed and robust pseudo random number generator based on the autaptic Izhikevich neuron oscillator and its FPGA implementation. The autaptic Izhikevich neuron model is simulated and dynamically analyzed. Then, the proposed pseudo-random number generator is modeled and simulated using the Xilinx system generator platform, synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tool, and implemented on the XILINX SPARTAN-6 XC6SLX9 FPGA evaluation board. As a post processing operation, the XOR function is used to increase the randomness of the output bit sequences. The FPGA implementation results show that the implementation cost of the proposed pseudo-random number generator is lower than similar works, and the proposed generator achieves a maximum frequency of 63.2 MHz. The NIST test suite is used for testing the quality of the generated bit sequences. The NIST test results indicates the high quality of the generated random bit sequence.

‎‎Synchronized systems‎, ‎has attracted much attention in 1986 by F. Blanchard and G. Hansel, and extension of them has been of interest since that notion was introduced in 1992 by D. Fiebig and U. Fiebig. ‎One was via half synchronized systems; that is‎, ‎systems having half synchronizing blocks‎. ‎In fact‎, ‎if for a left transitive ray such as $\ldots x_{-1}x_{0}m$ and $mv$ any block in $X$ one has again $\ldots x_{-1}x_{0}mv$ a left ray in $X$‎, ‎then $m$ is called half synchronizing. ‎A block $m$ is minimal (half-)synchronizing, ‎whenever $w \varsubsetneq m$‎, ‎$w$ is not (half-)synchronizing‎. ‎Examples with $\ell$ minimal (half-)synchronizing blocks has been given for $0\leq \ell\leq \infty$‎.‎‎ ‎‎‎To do this we consider a $\beta$-shift and will replace 1 with some blocks $u_i$‎ ‎to have countable many new systems‎. ‎Then‎, ‎we will merge them‎.‎

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of minimal surgery scleral buckling in patients who were referred to Labbafinejad medical center in a 5 year period.Material and methods: Records of all patients with retinal detachment who had undergone minimal surgery between 1995 and 2000 and were followed up for at least 6 months were retrospectively reviewed. The records were evaluated with respect to clinical features and disease characteristics and the success rate was determined according to anatomic reattachment and visual acuity of better than 20/200. All intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported. Roles of factors such as extent and duration of retinal detachment, macular status, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, evidence of long standing retinal detachment, type of break, myopia, lens status, intra-operative complications, and cryotheraply on success rate were determined. Regression analysis was used to identify the factors which played the main role in success.Results: Seventy patients (72% male, 25% female) underwent minimal surgery scleral buckling. Mean age (SD) was 44 (17.6) years. Oveall operations were successful (92.9%) and 58 patients have good or useful visual outcome (89.2%). Macular detachment significantly increased the failure rate (P<0.04). Regression analysis showed that the extent of retinal detachment had significant correlation with success rate.Conclusion: The success rate of minimal surgery and final visual acuity in this series were acceptable and similar to other experiences. A controlled clinical trial with a longer period of follow up is recomended to determine role of factors such as duration of retinal detachment and pre-operative visual acuity on anatomic and functional results.